Well, with speakers, not subs, the speaker box holds the speaker when you can't fit it in your panels, deck, etc. In a house it just simply holds the speakers. With subs, it not only holds the sub, but also provides it with bass response. A sealed box will have tighter bass and a ported box is for a sub with boomier bass. Basically it's to hold the speaker/loudspeaker and provide a different type of bass response, etc.
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Well, with speakers, not subs, the speaker box holds the speaker when you can't fit it in your panels, deck, etc. In a house it just simply holds the speakers. With subs, it not only holds the sub, but also provides it with bass response. A sealed box will have tighter bass and a ported box is for a sub with boomier bass. Basically it's to hold the speaker/loudspeaker and provide a different type of bass response, etc.
By speaker box, do you mean subwoofer box? If so, this enclosure is a huge part of a system.
You can read more here...
http://www.crutchfield.com/S-uSlABzMI7T6/learn/lea...
this will help u understand a little better http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/speaker9.htm